Class 8 | Social Science — History
Chapter 3 — The Rise of the Marathas
Study Notes
The Rise of the Marathas — Study Notes | Class 8 CBSE Social Science
May 02, 2026
EDU BYTEZ
The Rise of the Marathas — Study Notes | Class 8 CBSE Social Science History | EDU BYTEZ
This post contains free Study Notes on The Rise of the Marathas for CBSE Class 8 Social Science (History). These notes are prepared by an experienced classroom teacher and cover the entire chapter in a concise, point-based format — ideal for reading, understanding, and revising the chapter quickly before tests and examinations.
Origins of the Maratha Power
The Marathas were a warrior community from the Deccan region of India, primarily from the areas that form present-day Maharashtra. In the 17th century, when the Mughal Empire was at the height of its power, the Marathas emerged as a formidable force under the visionary leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Born in 1630, Shivaji grew up with a deep love for his land and people and a burning desire for self-rule — a concept he called Swarajya.
Shivaji Maharaj — Founder of the Maratha Empire
Shivaji Maharaj is considered one of the greatest rulers and military strategists in Indian history. He built a powerful army and used the strategy of guerrilla warfare — using the hilly terrain of the Deccan to launch swift, surprise attacks against the far larger Mughal forces. He captured several forts and established a strong base of power in the Western Ghats.
Shivaji was not only a brilliant warrior but also an able administrator. He established the Ashtapradhan — a council of eight ministers — to help govern his kingdom efficiently and justly. He treated all his subjects equally regardless of religion and is remembered as a king who genuinely cared for the welfare of ordinary people.
The Peshwas and Expansion of the Maratha Empire
After Shivaji's death, the Peshwas — hereditary prime ministers of the Maratha Empire — became the most powerful figures in the kingdom. Under the Peshwas, the Maratha Empire expanded dramatically across India, stretching from Pune to Delhi and becoming the dominant power of 18th century India.
The Third Battle of Panipat (1761)
The Maratha Empire suffered its most devastating defeat at the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, where they were defeated by Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan. This battle weakened the Marathas significantly and marked the beginning of the decline of their empire.
Key Terms to Remember
Important terms from this chapter include Swarajya, guerrilla warfare, Ashtapradhan, Peshwa, Deccan, and the Third Battle of Panipat — all of which are frequently tested in Class 8 examinations.
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